Coding User -julkaisun Vol 3 2022 -irtonumeron sisällysluettelo

FASTER AND CONNECTED There’s a lot to like about the Raspberry Pi 4: Up to 8GB of on-board memory, a faster quad-core CPU, support for dual 4K displays via a pair of micro-HDMI ports, and more. Let’s take a look at the Pi 4, and see what it’s got under-the-hood. Improved GPU With a VideoCore 6 GPU, the Pi 4 is capable of 4K resolutions at 60FPS (Frames per Second), and thanks to some tweaks to the video codes in both Raspbian and the version of VLC packaged with Raspbian, the Pi 4 is now a pretty decent media device. Improved Processing The 1.5GHz, 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 CPU, is the driving force behind the Pi 4’s improved performance. Thanks to this CPU, you’re able to enjoy faster apps and…

EVERYONE LOVES PI We’ve put together ten possible projects that you could use your Pi 400 with; that will entertain and keep you busy while helping you learn more about coding, the Pi and computing. RETRO COMPUTING With the Pi 400 being very similar to that of the great home computers of the 80s, we thought we’d start these ideas with a simple retro-themed project. Fuse is a ZX Spectrum emulator that’s available for the Raspberry Pi. Install it, and you can enjoy some of the greatest games ever created. STREAM PC GAMES It’s possible to stream any game installed on your powerful gaming PC to a Raspberry Pi. All you need is to ensure that your home network is up to scratch – use Ethernet connections between the two…

The Pico uses MicroPython or C/C++ code in order to communicate with the devices it will be attached to. The code will, when uploaded to the Pico, run a specific set of instructions depending on the electronics that are soldered to the Pico. For example, in MicroPython, with an LED attached to the Pico, you would initialise and import the Pin and Timer modules, tell the Pico which GPIO the LED is attached to, then setup a routine that will use the Timer function to send a signal to the LED – let’s say every couple of seconds. The end result would be a blinking LED, which goes on and off every two seconds. Naturally, the more complex the electronics attached to the Pico are, then the more complex the…

ASK AROUND The kit list required to set up a Raspberry Pi is pretty basic: keyboard, mouse, HDMI monitor, SD Card and an optional case. Many of these items you’ll already have, but don’t rush out and buy those you don’t. Ask around to see if anybody you know has spares. STEP 1 The most important thing you need is an SD Card. These are the storage cards commonly found in digital cameras. All modern Raspberry Pi boards, including the Raspberry Pi 3 and Pi Zero, use Micro SD cards but the older boards may use a larger SD Card. STEP 2 The SD Card plugs into the SD Card socket. On the Raspberry Pi 4, 3, and Pi Zero, you push the card in and pull it out. On…

In 2016, the Raspberry Pi Foundation started work on an x86 version of its popular Raspbian operating system. By the end of the following year, there was a link on the Downloads page and non-Pi owners could now install and use Raspbian in almost the exact same way as if they were in front of a Raspberry Pi. Since then, the Raspberry Pi Desktop, or as it’s correctly called: Debian Stretch with Raspberry Pi Desktop, has followed the same release path as its Pi-based sibling. However, there are some differences you need to be aware of prior to throwing your Pi away and opting for this version instead. The Raspberry Pi Desktop (x86 version) allows you to view the same desktop and pre-installed software as the Full Desktop version available…

THE GOLDEN ERA OF CODE While it may seem a little counterproductive to learn how to code in a language that’s virtually obsolete, there are some surprising benefits to getting your hands dirty with a bit of retro coding. Firstly, learning old code will help you build the structure of code as, regardless of whether it is a language that was developed yesterday, or forty years ago, code still demands strict discipline to work correctly. Secondly, everyday coding elements, such as loops, sub routines and so on, are a great visual aid to learn in older code, especially BASIC. Lastly, it’s simply good fun. GOING BASIC The easiest retro language to play around with is, without doubt, BASIC. Developed back in the mid-sixties, BASIC (Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is…

FILM NIGHT First off, what is a media centre? Basically, a media centre, with regards to what we’re talking about here, is a computer that’s capable of playing, possibly recording, and even sorting a media collection made up of videos, music and images. It’s a home cinema system, connected to a TV that will stream media from online, or from a network attached storage device, or storage connected directly to the computer itself. A media centre is often capable of sorting your collection of videos, music, and photos into a logical order, either by album, genre, year, alphabetically, or some custom setup. It can connect to the Internet and display information regarding the media, such as album cover, movie poster, location an image was taken, or even connect to an…

Western Digital’s My Cloud series of network attached storage (NAS), drives are highly respected. With support ending for older versions of the My Cloud operating system, and therefore My Cloud NAS drives that cannot be updated beyond them, it might be time to update to a modern release, such as this My Cloud Home single-drive device. It’s available in capacities from 2TB to 8TB, or 4TB to 20TB if you opt for the dual drive version. Here we’re reviewing the 6TB model with a single hard drive. The idea behind a NAS drive means instead of connecting it directly to your computer, you attach it to your network. As is typical for such a drive, you connect it to your router using the bundled Ethernet cable, after which you can…

We’ve all seen these devices before – gaming controllers that sandwich your smartphone between two sets of controls, effectively turning it into a mobile console. But the Backbone One is a controller with a difference. As well as being compatible with your smartphone games, including those downloaded with Apple Arcade, it also supports Xbox Game Pass Ultimate, Google Stadia and GeForce Now. Subscribers to these services can stream games directly to their smartphone without needing their console or PC to be on. It also supports Xbox Remote Play, PS Remote Play and Steam Link, so you can stream your purchased games from your console or PC too. Backbone One is compatible with all smartphones running iOS 13 or later, and you can even connect a cable to any USB-C screen…

Netatmo’s Smart Video Doorbell has been around for a couple of years now, but thanks to two new transformers, designed and built to accompany it, the doorbell can now be installed in a wider variety of situations. These transformers, sold as separate items or in a pack with the doorbell, come in two varieties: a plug-in transformer that simply needs a wall socket, and an in-wall transformer that’s a little more demanding regarding installation. If you’re not a talented DIYer, you’ll need a professional electrician for the latter. Whichever transformer you use, the video doorbell can be used with or without a chime. When someone rings the bell, you get an alert on your phone. If you wish, you can also have it ring on your smart speaker. It’s compatible…

The Raspberry Pi is a British built low cost computer that enables everybody to learn computing, start programming and explore basic electronics. It’s the size of a credit card but capable of running a full operating system and doing everything a desktop does. More importantly, with the Raspberry Pi you install your own operating system, connect all your devices and create your own programs using languages like Scratch and Python. There’s no case so you can hook up electronic circuits to the pins and control them to get input and output, so you can hack together electronic projects at home. Setting up a Raspberry Pi is pretty simple, and throughout this book we’ll take you step-by-step from unboxing your Raspberry Pi to setting it up and getting started. There are…

Inside the Pi 400 is a modified Raspberry Pi 4. It’s longer, spanning the width of the keyboard, with a large heatsink to dissipate enough heat for the overclocked processor. The Pi 4’s communication ports are spaced along the back of the Pi 400 keyboard, minus a second USB 2.0 port and a 3.5mm audio jack. 40-Pin GPIO The slightly recessed GPIO port is directly connected to the Pi 400 board inside the keyboard. This means you can still attach the usual Raspberry Pi HATs and other devices as you would a bare-metal Raspberry Pi. microSD Card Slot The microSD Card Slot is where you’ll insert the card that contains the Raspberry Pi OS – or any other operating system you prefer to run that’s compatible with the Raspberry Pi…

The Pi Pico may be small, but it packs a decent punch. With it you can expand your electronics projects, and incorporate a whole new level of functionality that you weren’t able to before with the traditional Raspberry Pi units. micro-USB Port The Pi Pico’s micro-USB provides both power, as well as communications between the Pico and a Raspberry Pi or other computer. Here you’ll be able to upload programs and projects on to your Pico. Boot Selection Switch The small button labelled BOOTSEL, Boot Selection, will switch the Pico between two start-up states enabling you to access the Pico as a storage device on your computer or Raspberry Pi. Memory & Storage The Pico comes with 264KB on-chip SRAM memory, as well as 2MB on-board QSPI Flash memory; to…

GETTING TO KNOW NOOBS The easiest way to get up and running is to use NOOBS, a software program created by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. You can buy a NOOBS SD Card from Raspberry Pi but it’s easy to make your own with an old unused SD Card (8GB recommended). STEP 1 We’re going to use a utility called SD Card Formatter 5 to erase the SD Card with correct formatting. You can download this app from https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/. Click Download SD Formatter for Mac and Accept. Click the SDFormatter.pkg file in your Downloads folder and follow the instructions to install the app. STEP 2 Use an SD Card of at least 8GB capacity to install the operating system on your Raspberry Pi. The card needs to be formatted, which will…

10 THINGS TO DO WITH X86 RASPBERRY PI OS There’s just as much you can do with this version of Raspberry Pi OS as with the dedicated Pi version. Here’s ten great projects, and things to do with Debian Buster with Raspberry Pi Desktop. CODING This version of Raspbian apes the Full Desktop version for the Raspberry Pi, so that means it comes with all the necessary programming languages out of the box. Learn Python, C++, use the HAT emulator, and even learn JAVA. It’s all there under the Programming menu option. HARDWARE Hook up a Pi Zero without an SD installed, and select GPIO Expansion Board from the options, and you will be able to talk to the Zero’s 40-pin GPIO via the likes of Python or Scratch. By…

TO BOLDLY GO… Indeed, the ISS is something most of us consider as a worthy example of what can happen when we work together. NASA, among other agencies, uses a wealth of Python code onboard the ISS to help automate routines, alongside its function as an in-between link to translate code from one language to another, and then into a human-readable format. If you’re considering a career in space, then learning Python is a must-have skill. While we’re not able to fill you in on all the details regarding the code the ISS utilises, we can look at a fun Python script that will track the ISS, display the number of astronauts on board, and update the station’s current latitude and longitude every five seconds, while also displaying your current…

ASCII ANIMATION Let’s assume you wanted to create an animated ASCII Happy Birthday Python script, with the words Happy and Birthday alternating in appearance. Here’s how it’s done. STEP 1 First we need to create some ASCII-like text, head over to http://patorjk.com/software/taag. This is an online Text to ASCII generator, created by Patrick Gillespie. Start by entering Happy into the text box, the result will be displayed in the main window. You can change the font with the drop-down menu to the side of the text box; we’ve opted for Big. STEP 2 Now, on your computer create a folder in your Python code directory (call it Test, for now) and open either Leafpad for the Raspberry Pi or, if you’re using Windows 10, then Notepad. Click on the Select…

FRITZ!Box 4060 WD My Cloud Home 6TB AGON Pro AG324UX Hubble for tablet Backbone One smartphone Controller iXpand Flash Drive Luxe Kensington StudioDock Netatmo Smart Video Doorbell devolo Magic 2 WiFi 6 Multiroom Kit DxO PureRAW 2 UUByte ISO Editor Carbon Copy Cloner 6 StaffPad SpyBuster AltTab Radio Garden Total War: Medieval II Cut the Rope: BLAST Mokoko X Anomaly Warzone Earth Another World 20th Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars Dragon’s Lair 30th Anniversary…

You can use this double-ended flash drive to transfer files between devices, and back up your photos and videos from your tablet or smartphone. Available in 64GB, 128GB or 256GB capacities, it has a USB-C 3.1 plug on one end, and a Lightning connector at the other. You can only copy media and contacts from an smartphone or tablet, using the iXpand app, but plug it into a Mac and you can copy any file. Transferring files to the flash drive is super speedy; it’s certainly faster than its predecessor, the iXpand Flash Drive Go. The iXpand app is easy to use too. It’s a great way of getting more from your mobile device’s internal storage, without clogging it up with things that could be stored elsewhere. Info// SanDisk www.westerndigital.com…

Major franchises tend to have an instalment that fans consider a misstep. A few (un) popular examples; Star Trek 5: The Final Frontier, Super Mario Sunshine, Tomb Raider: Angel of Darkness, any Star Wars movies that don’t have Part 4, 5 or 6 in the subtitle… The list is endless and, of course, 100% personal. But what about those games or movies that were largely ignored or disdained despite being not bad at all? With that in mind, let’s head back to Liberty City, albeit in a way you’ve never seen before, or again. Launching with very little fanfare in 2009, Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars was the first original instalment in the monster franchise developed with the handheld market in mind. Retaining the core of the current 3D console…

40 GPIO Pins The GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins can be accessed directly on the Raspberry Pi. These are used in projects to connect the Raspberry Pi to electronic circuits and control electric devices. Some can be turned on and off while the Raspberry Pi is running. ARM-Powered At the heart of the Raspberry Pi 3 is a Broadcom BCM2837 System on Chip (SoC). It contains a powerful 1.2GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 CPU. This is 50-60 percent faster than the Raspberry Pi 2 and ten times as fast as the original Raspberry Pi. DSI The Display Interface (DSI) can be used to connect a display directly to the Raspberry Pi board. SD Card Slot Instead of a hard drive you use an SD Card with the Raspberry Pi.…

Released in November 2020, and while the UK and most of the world was still in lockdown, the Raspberry Pi 400 came at a time when we were beginning to feel like there was no end to the pandemic and the restrictions it brought. Initial thoughts were that the Pi 400 was a new small-board computer, in a similar vein to the Pi 4 and its predecessors. However, we were quite wrong. The Pi 400 is a very different beast to that of its siblings. Rather than the naked board we’ve seen in the past, the Pi 400 came as a complete keyboard package, with the Pi’s familiar ports lined up along the backplate of the keyboard. This in itself was remarkably reminiscent of the home microcomputers of the 80s,…

The Pico is something entirely different from the Raspberry Pi Foundation’s usual releases. Whereas the Raspberry Pi, now on version 4, is a small computer, and even the Compute Module and the Pi 400 are still just computers, the Pico is actually a microcontroller. A microcontroller is a processing unit that’s designed to work with programmable peripherals, and has input and output modules alongside a small amount of memory and storage capabilities. The processors are often scaled down, compared to the processor on a Raspberry Pi, or even inside your desktop computer, but powerful enough to complete basic tasks. Examples of a microcontroller in action can be found inside a washing machine, or traffic lights. A washing machine has no need for a quad-core processor, 8GB of memory, and the…

PICO POWER! Here are ten ideas and projects that you could look into achieving with your Raspberry Pi Pico. You may need to enhance your electronics skills, but there’s plenty of help online if you hunt around for it. ROBOTICS Can you create a Pico-powered microcontroller to work different aspects of a robot? You could use the Pico to drive the robot, or control an element on it depending on where it is in your home. TEMPERATURE GAUGE The Pico’s RP2040 processor has a built-in ADC to convert analogue to digital signals. It also has a built-in temperature sensor, so it’s possible to utilise the Pico as a temperature gauge. MOTORS In addition to the robotics idea, a Pico can be used to control motors. Again, depending on the input…

THE POWER OF PI With many different versions across four generations of models, the Raspberry Pi is certainly a busy little board. But while each Pi offers something slightly different, for the newcomer it’s a confusing medley of hardware specifications and model numbers. Which, Pi, then is best for you? Naturally, that questions depends greatly on what it is you want to do with your Raspberry Pi. If you have a particular project in mind, such as a home media centre server, then you’d probably opt for the more powerful and hardware-capable model of Raspberry Pi. If you want to setup a wireless security camera project, using the Raspberry Pi as the core hardware, then perhaps the Pi Zero W would be a better fit. To begin with, let’s have…

SETTING UP WITH NOOBS NOOBS (New Out Of Box Software) is a program used to make setting up a Raspberry Pi simple. You can buy SD Cards with NOOBS preinstalled, but here we’ll look at how to format your SD Card and install NOOBS using a Windows computer. STEP 1 We’re going to use a utility called SD Card Formatter to erase the SD Card with correct formatting. You can download this app from https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter/eula_windows/index.html. Click the Accept button to start the download of the latest version of the software. Extract the software, and double-click the executable to install and run the app. STEP 2 We’re going to use an 8GB SD Card to install the operating system on our Raspberry Pi. The card needs to be formatted, which will…

TV HAT In this tutorial, we’re using the Raspberry Pi TV HAT as sold by The Pi Hut (https://thepihut.com/products/raspberry-pi-tv-hat?variant=13539182673982). It’s a Sony CXD2880 TV Tuner supporting DVB-T and 2nd-gen DVB-T2 standards. STEP 1 The Raspberry Pi TV HAT is compatible with the Pi Zero, Pi 3 A+ and B+ models. The kit comes with everything you need to connect the HAT to your RPi, including spacers, screws and the 40-pin header. Begin by opening the box and spreading the contents out on a clear area. STEP 2 Start by connecting the 40-pin header to the 40-pin GPIO on top of your Raspberry Pi. Now take the spacers and screws and fit them to the corresponding holes in the corners of the main Raspberry Pi and the TV HAT; use three…

GOING RETRO The Raspberry Pi makes for an amazing retro gaming computer. With it you’re able to emulate and play the classic home computers, consoles and arcade machines that brought us so much joy back in the day. Thankfully, the processing power of most of the systems of the past is well within the capabilities of the Raspberry Pi’s processor. There are a few examples that don’t run too well, such as a PS2, or those systems that utilised a specialised 3D component, but on the whole, there’s likely to be a fully working emulator, available for the Pi, that covers the home computer, console, or arcade that you remember playing. RETROPIE RetroPie is the foremost retro gaming project available for the Raspberry Pi. It’s a set of modules that…

Unlike most of AVM’s range of wireless routers, the FRITZ!Box 4060 lacks a built-in modem. This means regardless of how your network interacts with the Internet, you can use the 4060 by connecting it to your existing modem, which was probably supplied by your ISP. Whatever your type of Internet connection (be it ADSL, fibre, cable or mobile data), even if your Internet Service Provider forces you to use their own modem hardware, you can switch off the router section of your ISP-supplied device and connect the FRITZ!Box 4060 instead. But what advantages does this bring? As you’d expect, the router’s wireless capabilities include compatibility with the new Wi-Fi 6 protocol, which gives faster speeds, and is much better at dealing with multiple, simultaneous connections. If you’re working on your…

The tablet has really come on as a go-to machine for both business and leisure. Today’s tablet is so versatile it can replace your notebook when you’re out and about. It’s with this in mind that Birmingham, Alabama startup Fledgeling built the Hubble for tablet. Available for the tablet Pro 12.9” and 11”, and the fourth-gen tablet Air, the Hubble connects to your tablet’s USB-C port. It’s not available for any tablet with a Lightning port or 30-pin dock. It greatly expands the tablet’s connectivity options, offering (from left to right): a headphone socket, HDMI port, SD and microSD card readers, a USB-A port, two USB-C ports (one for charging and one for data), and a travel switch for saving energy when you’re not using the tablet. The whole truth……

This handy, mains-powered device is more than just an tablet stand. Sure, it can hold your tablet Pro (2018 or later, either size), or tablet Air (2020), in Landscape or portrait mode, so you can watch media, draw with your Apple Pencil or type comfortably by connecting a keyboard and mouse. But it’s also a wireless charger for your smartphone and/or AirPods. Just place them on the pad at the foot of the stand. You can also buy an optional Apple Watch charger that fits on the side of the device. The stand connects to your tablet’s USB-C socket, and you can plug in peripherals using the ports at the back. There’s three USB 3 ports, a HDMI port and an Ethernet port. There’s an SD Card reader and headphone…

As a retro gamer I love the fact that Apple’s mobile gear is creating a new platform for classic games, and Dragon’s Lair 30th Anniversary (a subtitle which I will now ignore as it essentially screaming “YOU ARE SO OLD” in my face!) is one of the best to join this trend. In the arcades, the game used a laser disc at the core of its technology. You had to press the joystick or the button at the correct time to cause the disc to skip to the next section. Press the wrong direction or take too long and the disc skipped to one of the many comic-book death sequences. This version of the game is just like the original, but with all the crisp, hand-drawn animated graphics preloaded on…